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Fundamental Analysis
Unlisted Shares

What Are Pre-IPO Shares?

Pre-IPO shares refer to the shares of a private company that are available to potential investors before the company goes through an IPO process. Pre-IPO shares are usually sold to a select group of investors (institutional investors, high net worth individuals (HNIs), or private equity) seeking to raise capital to fund growth, expansion, or working capital needs of the business.

For investors, pre-IPO shares allow them early accessibility to equity at a lower valuation prior to the stock being available on the public market. If the business is performing well after the listing, these early investors typically experience strong capital appreciation.

Pre-IPO shares also provide investors with the opportunity to be supporters of a company's growth journey from the early stages of its existence, and also have the potential to generate higher returns than tracks that are publicly traded stocks. Pre-IPO shares are generally less liquid than listed equity shares and can often have a lock-up period that prevents investors from selling for some amount of time after the listing. At Sharescart, we connect investors to pre-IPO opportunities that we have vetted companies for, for investments in any promising private companies in India before the public markets.

VALUATION METHODS

How Are Pre-IPO Shares Valued?

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Book Value Method

This method assumes the value of a corporation based on its net tangible assets. This approach defines a conservative estimate of the value of the company's worth and assets based on the strength of its balance sheet.

Formula - Book Value = Total Tangible Assets - Total Liabilities.

Last Transaction Price Method

this method uses the last price transaction (prices that traded or were purchased) of the company's shares. While this method is easy, it does not always reflect the current fair value of the corporation's value depending.

Price To Earning Ratio Or Discounted Cash Flow Method

The Price-to-Earnings (P/E) and Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) methods are commonly used valuation techniques that help estimate the fair value of established and mature private companies. The P/E ratio method compares a company’s actual or projected earnings with the earnings of similar publicly listed companies in the same industry, offering insight into what investors might be willing to pay for each rupee of profit. On the other hand, the DCF method estimates a company’s fair value by calculating the present value of its expected future cash flows, discounted back to the present using a rate that reflects the associated risk. Together, these two methods provide a realistic understanding of a company’s growth potential and intrinsic value before it goes public.

Net Asset Value (NAV)

The Net Asset Value (NAV) method evaluates a company’s worth by calculating the total value of its assets minus its total liabilities, similar to the book value approach but more comprehensive. Unlike the book value method, NAV considers both tangible and intangible assets. Tangible assets include items like land, buildings, machinery, and cash, while intangible assets cover non-physical elements such as brand, patents, intellectual property, and goodwill, which can hold significant value—especially for private companies. By combining tangible and intangible assets, NAV provides a complete picture of a company’s overall financial strength and is particularly useful when much of a company’s value is tied to brand equity or proprietary technology. In essence, NAV helps potential investors assess what a company would be worth if it sold all its assets and paid off its liabilities, offering a fuller view of its intrinsic value.

OTC Market

Where Are Pre-IPO Shares Traded?

Pre-IPO shares are not traded like listed shares on an exchange like NSE or BSE. Pre-IPO shares are traded on the over-the-counter (OTC) market, which is comprised of private, informal transactions between buyers and sellers facilitated through intermediaries such as brokers or dedicated markets like Sharescart.

This is how that usually works:

  • Sales from Employees of the Company - Employees or early investors of a company may sell part of their ownership in the company before the IPO in private sales.
  • The Secondary Market – Buyers and sellers of unlisted shares connect through brokers who provide verification, pricing, and documentation for the pre-IPO shares.
  • Private rounds for placements by the issuer company – The companies may sell new shares to a limited number of select investors for capital formation before the IPO takes place.

Since pre-IPO shares are not bought and sold on exchanges, the buying and selling of private shares will utilise more paperwork, compliance, and trust in the broker(s) to finalise the transaction. At Sharescart, we take every transaction seriously, which is why you benefit from their rigorous due diligence process and KYC process/requirements to ensure a seamless, safe, and transparent experience for both buyers and sellers of every transaction.

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Pre-ipo shares

How to Buy and Sell Pre-IPO Shares

Buying Of Pre-IPO Shares
Choose Your Desired Shares

You can scan through the companies and decide which company to invest in. Once done, you can tell our team about the desired investment.

Payment To Sharescart

Our team will share the account details so that you can transfer the trade amount into our account. We will notify you about the document needed beforehand.

Delivery From Sharescart

The shares will reflect in your Demat account within 24 hours, depending on the holidays. Our details would be available to you before the transfer.

Portfolio management

We can help you with your portfolios by managing your investments and assisting you in the buying and selling of shares.

Selling Of Pre-IPO Shares
Equity Details

To help you better we would require a few details related to the shares you want to sell and the price at which you want to sell.

Affirmation Of Demand

We find out a suitable buyer for you and once you accept the trade we move on to the next step.

Transfer Of Shares To Sharescart

The account details would be provided to you for the transfer of shares. We will notify you about the details needed for the trade beforehand.

Get Payment From Sharescart

Once the transfer is done, the payment would be transmitted to your account within 24 hours, depending on the holidays.

Frequently Asked Questions

All You Need To Know About Pre-IPO Shares

Pre-IPO shares are ownership portions of a private business that are sold to other investors before the public company potentially lists via an IPO on a stock market. Pre-IPO shares give investors the opportunity to invest in private company shares before an IPO, typically at a lower valuation than what the public company might value the private company shares once the IPO listings occur, which could also mean higher returns for the pre-IPO investors.

As any IPO is going to be listed in the open market, multiple applications are submitted which decreases the allocation chances, but if you already purchased pre-IPO shares you can skip the allocation part and can expect huge returns from them.

Before purchasing any pre-IPO shares, you must be familiar with the company's balance sheets, last quarter's performances, EBETA, future road map and much more. If all these things are growing, you can expect a huge return from that.

If your holding period of unlisted shares is more than 24 months, you will be charged 10% of the LTCG tax rate, upon the selling of these shares.

Since there is a six-month lock-in period for pre-IPO shares, that means you can only sell these shares after six months of IPO listing.

There are several platforms available in the open market but, sharecart.com is the best platform to trade as they have the market's best screeners and tools which offer deep insights into any stock before investing.

Pre-IPO companies are companies in their growing stage and planning to go public in the future. The major reason to invest in pre-IPO companies is because of the proliferating profits one would get once the company goes public. People invest in pre-IPO shares as share prices of companies in their pre-IPO stage are comparatively lower and it is difficult to get shares of a company after they get listed.

Nothing is certain, the same rule applies here. No one can give someone the assurance that a particular company’s share will definitely earn you profits once the company goes public. The same rule applies to companies listed on stock exchanges as well.

Your shares will be safe no matter what, you can either decide to sell the shares if you want or keep them with you and wait for a better market price for the share before you sell them to gain profit. There might even be a possibility that the company has decided to go public at a later date.

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